Cockroaches

Why Are Cockroaches an Indoor Air Problem?

Cockroaches, those unpleasant and unsightly pests, are not just a problem to look at. They can also make asthma worse and cause allergic reactions in people who are sensitive. The allergens produced by cockroaches are likely concentrated in their fecal matter and in fragments of their body parts. These tiny particles can become airborne and contaminate the air in your home.

How Do Cockroaches Affect Health?

Cockroach allergens act like dust mite allergens and quickly settle. These allergens do not remain airborne for long. Activities like vacuuming may stir up allergens that have settled in dust or fabrics. The most common way to inhale cockroach allergen is to breathe in dust that has collected in pillows, bedding or other dust-trapping fabrics.  

Who Is Exposed to Cockroach Allergens?

Cockroaches don't need to be present for there to be cockroach allergen in your home. One in five homes with no history of cockroach infestation has a significant level of cockroach allergen in dust and fabrics.

Allergen concentrations are generally highest in kitchen areas where there is plenty of food and water for cockroaches to eat. However, bedroom allergen concentrations may be more relevant. People spend more time in close contact with their pillow, where they can inhale the allergens that have settled into bedding.

People with limited resources are more likely to be exposed and allergic to cockroach allergens, whether they live in a city or rural area.

How Can Cockroach Allergens Be Eliminated?

Cockroach allergens spread easily throughout homes, schools and other public places. Simple steps can protect individuals who are particularly sensitive to cockroach allergens.

• Keep your home clean. Keep food scraps off the floor. Be sure to clean under large kitchen furniture (including the stove and refrigerator) where food might get trapped.
• Reduce humidity. Damp indoor spaces foster the growth of cockroaches and other pests.
• Target the places where cockroach allergens can collect. Common problem spots are beds, carpet, furnishings and clothing. Encase mattresses and pillows and wash bedding with hot water once a week. Remove unnecessary fabrics like curtains and upholstered furniture.
• Eliminated infestations. You may need a professional if the problem is bad, but try using Integrated Pest Management techniques.
• Remove carpeting. Carpeting should be replaced by smooth flooring in homes with allergic individuals. If this is not possible, regular vacuuming of carpets (two to three times a week) may minimize exposure to allergens. However, vacuuming also can stir up dust and allergens in the carpet and temporarily make air quality worse. People with allergies to cockroaches should not vacuum or be in the room while it is being cleaned.