Types of Lung Cancer

What Are the Types of Lung Cancer?

There are two main types of lung cancer: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A third less common type of lung cancer is called carcinoid.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

There are two different types of small cell lung cancer: small cell carcinoma and mixed small cell/large cell cancer or combined small cell lung cancer. The types of small cell lung cancer are named for the kinds of cells found in the cancer and how the cells look when viewed under a microscope. Small cell lung cancer is almost always associated with cigarette smoking.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Non-small cell lung cancer is more common. It makes up about 80 percent of lung cancer cases. This type of cancer usually grows and spreads to other parts of the body more slowly than small cell lung cancer does. There are three different types of NSCLC:

1. Adenocarcinoma: A form of NSCLC often found in an outer area of the lung. It develops in the cells of epithelial tissues, which line the cavities and surfaces of the body and form glands.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma: A form of NSCLC usually found in the center of the lung next to an air tube (bronchus).
3. Large cell carcinoma: A form of NSCLC that can occur in any part of the lung and tends to grow and spread faster than adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.

The above subtypes are the most common, but when your lung cancer tumor is looked at under a microscope, it might reveal even more specific information about the subtype. Work with your doctor to understand exactly which type of lung cancer you have and what it means for your treatment options.

Pancoast

Pancoast tumors, also known as superior sulcus tumors, grow in the upper part of the lung and interfere with the structures around it. These tumors are rare and most always NSCLC. However, they can be tumors from other diseases like lymphoma or tuberculosis. Pancoast tumors may be treated with chemotherapy, radiation and/or surgery.

Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) of the Lung

Lung carcinoid tumors, sometimes called lung neuroendocrine tumors (NET), are uncommon and tend to grow slower than other types of lung cancers. They are made up of special kinds of cells called neuroendocrine cells, which are specialized cells found throughout the body that have features of both nerve cells and hormone-producing cells. In the lungs, these cells line the airways and respond to signals in the body. NETs of the lung are one type of lung cancer, and they behave differently from more common lung cancer subtypes. They are usually classified as typical or atypical carcinoids, and are sometimes called carcinoid tumors. Carcinoids are very rare, slow-growing and most commonly treated with surgery.

Just as each person is unique, each type of lung cancer is different. It is important to know the type of lung cancer you have, sometimes called “your lung cancer profile” because it helps determine what lung cancer treatment options are available depending on tumor type, size, stage, and overall health.

Lung cancer research is happening at a rapid pace, and your doctor should be up to date on the recommendations for your specific type of lung cancer. If you don’t feel comfortable with the answers you are receiving, do not hesitate to seek out a second opinion.